{ "status": 200, "message": "獲取災害", "count": 241, "crops": [ { "C_NAME": "當月主產作物", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使植株倒伏、果實殘斷、壓擦傷；套袋破損、落葉。 豪雨導致田區積水，植株水傷、根系受損，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "蔬菜與瓜果忌淹水，生產端應儘速整理疏濬田區周圍排灌水設施，避免豪雨帶來大量雨水，阻塞淤積於田間，必要時採用抽水機協助；葉菜可利用塑膠網(如24目PE網、綠色紗網等)每10公尺以固定釘固定覆蓋於整畦上，可避免植株受強風豪雨直接傷害，降低災損；幼株果樹或較柔軟植株應立支架，減少倒伏風險；已經可採收的蔬果應儘速採收，以減少損失。瓜果類栽培棚架應加強固定措施，避免因豪雨或強風侵襲而傾倒。設施應注意捲揚式塑膠布覆蓋情形，設施內可預備抽水設備，降低雨水進入設施內機會，以免傳播病害。", "RECOVERY": "各類作物於颱風、豪雨後，容易誘發病蟲害(如軟腐病、疫病、炭疽病、斜紋夜蛾等)，宜參考推薦防治藥劑適時、適量噴施，並需確切遵守安全採收期，保障消費者健康。 若有瓜果落地，應做好清園，勿將落瓜留置地面，以免瓜實蠅大量繁殖。受害較嚴重的果園亦應立即進行清園工作，由於果園中落果腐爛，若未加速清除處理，容易孳生果實蠅幼蟲，可考慮採取套袋或持續更新懸掛含毒甲基丁香油誘捕，或增加設置酵母球進行誘殺，避免果實蠅大發生。" }, { "C_NAME": "當月主產作物", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "溫差", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "2", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "日回溫2℃以上，可能加速成長，影響收穫期程。", "PREVENTION": "近成熟期農產注意成熟度，適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "當月主產作物", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "溫差", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "2", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "日降溫2℃以下，可能減緩成長，影響收穫期程。", "PREVENTION": "近成熟期農產注意成熟度，適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨或冰雹持續3小時，產量造成損失。", "PREVENTION": "適期播種。整修排水溝以利排水。", "RECOVERY": "生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病的發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨或冰雹持續3小時，產量損失100%。", "PREVENTION": "適期播種。整修排水溝以利排水。", "RECOVERY": "生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病的發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨造成淹水大於1天，發芽率降低，鮮莢產量降低，種子降低。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。播種前參考過去颱風風向紀錄，順風作種植畦。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加抵抗力。已屆收穫期儘早收穫乾燥。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫的倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫3天，發芽率降低24%；或暴風雨及冰雹持續3小時，產量損失100%。", "PREVENTION": "適期播種。選擇北邊有防風林之地方種植，以降低東北季風強烈吹襲造成之寒害。採用機械作畦栽培，並於寒害來襲前實施畦溝灌水至畦面潮濕即可排水。", "RECOVERY": "氣溫回升後，酌施追肥促進生長，以增強耐（抗）寒力。" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "颱風2天以上、淹水大於1天，發芽率降低，鮮莢產量降低，種子降低。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。播種前參考過去颱風風向紀錄，順風作種植畦。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加抵抗力。已屆收穫期儘早收穫乾燥。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫的倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "大豆", "GROWTH": "採收期", "STAGE": "採收期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "梅雨季豪雨持續3天，產量損失18.5%；持續11天，產量損失81.5%。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加植株抵抗力。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。注意預防紫斑病、鏽病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "小麥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期", "STAGE": "分蘗期到開花期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "田間容水量<45%，抑制分蘗、稔實率下降、粒重下降。", "PREVENTION": "遇連續乾旱則10-14天灌溉一次。", "RECOVERY": "及時灌溉，避免土壤含水量過低，影響小麥生長發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "小麥", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "成熟期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "稔實率下降、抑制穀粒充實、粒重下降。", "PREVENTION": "適當灌水保持田間濕潤。", "RECOVERY": "高溫發生後應適當灌溉，補充植株因蒸散作用而喪失之水分。" }, { "C_NAME": "小麥", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "成熟期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "積水高於土表1公分、持續3日。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施，小麥全生育期皆須注意排水、忌浸水。", "RECOVERY": "及時清除積水、追施少量氮肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "小麥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "萌芽期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "積水高於土表1公分、持續3日。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施，小麥全生育期皆須注意排水、忌浸水。", "RECOVERY": "及時清除積水、追施少量氮肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "不結球白菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "倒伏、葉片破損、水傷。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "豪雨過後造成蔬菜作物不同程度的傷害，倘受災嚴重，應即進行清園、中耕培土、扶正植株，並酌予施肥，以促進植株發育。災後容易發生病害，應即時參照植物保護手冊選擇推薦農藥防治。由於生長快速，只要田間積水能夠排除，就能播種復耕，在一個月內即可恢復供應。因此以儘速復耕為要，但不宜搶種反而造成生產過剩。" }, { "C_NAME": "文旦柚", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "果園積水，導致根群受損、落果、糖度降低、枝梢萎黃、發育不良、植株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "選擇地下水位低及避開低窪種植、高畦及強化園區排水系統。", "RECOVERY": "儘速排除積水、受損植株加強肥培、修剪，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "文旦柚", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到果實發育期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "720", "THRESHOLD": "40", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "月降雨量小於40mm。葉片萎凋、開花期易落花、幼果至果實肥大期易有落果。", "PREVENTION": "加強灌溉、設理蓄水池及灌溉系統、草生栽培。", "RECOVERY": "均勻灌溉、修剪枝葉減少水分蒸散。" }, { "C_NAME": "文旦柚", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到果實發育期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條折損、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏；落果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱、設立防風林或防風網；提前採收。", "RECOVERY": "趁土壤濕軟扶正植株、加立支柱；剪除受損枝、清除地面落果；噴施殺菌劑，減少病害之發生。加強葉面施肥恢復生育， 接近成熟果實提前採收。" }, { "C_NAME": "文旦柚", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條折損、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏；落果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱、設立防風林或防風網；提前採收。", "RECOVERY": "趁土壤濕軟扶正植株、加立支柱；剪除受損枝、清除地面落果；噴施殺菌劑，減少病害之發生。加強葉面施肥恢復生育， 接近成熟果實提前採收。" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系缺氧、果實早熟、乳汁分泌，嚴重時整株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "持續維持安全而適當之葉果比，加強樹體營養培養，維持樹冠大小，避免果實附載過多。", "RECOVERY": "果房套袋、噴施葉肥及殺菌劑、除果、加強田區排水及水分蒸發、田間去除病果及清園、果實病害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "高溫(35℃以上)容易造成使光合作用效率下降、花性偏雄，雌蕊退化，產生不結實花(似雄花），導致授粉不良而產生無(少)子小果。", "PREVENTION": "夏季中午遮陰或降溫措施；強化夏季樹勢，確保足夠葉片，避免前期著果過多，或避免集中掛果，可降低授粉不良小果比率及避免植株衰弱。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續陰雨導致日照不足，根系缺氧、折葉、果實早熟、乳汁分泌，嚴重時整株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "持續維持安全而適當之葉果比，加強樹體營養培養，維持樹冠大小，避免果實附載過多。", "RECOVERY": "依照霪雨強度及樹體狀況除果。果園加強排水，補充液肥，促進新根恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花朵柱頭枯萎，果實授粉及著果不良，葉緣黃化，果實表皮受損出現流膠。", "PREVENTION": "網室加強防風。", "RECOVERY": "災除受損果實及花朵。" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風葉片折損、植株傾倒、葉片折損後造成果實曬傷及磨損；豪雨導致果園淹水，根系缺氧，造成根系及果實病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "加強果園防風，綁負植株、小苗或減少果實負擔。", "RECOVERY": "果房套袋、噴施葉肥及殺菌劑、除果、加強田區排水及水分蒸發、田間去除病果及清園、果實病害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "木瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續陰雨導致日照不足，根系缺氧、折葉、果實早熟、乳汁分泌，嚴重時整株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "持續維持安全而適當之葉果比，加強樹體營養培養，維持樹冠大小，避免果實附載過多。", "RECOVERY": "持續維持安全而適當之葉果比，加強樹體營養培養，維持樹冠大小，避免果實附載過多。" }, { "C_NAME": "毛豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨或冰雹持續3小時，產量造成損失。", "PREVENTION": "適期播種。整修排水溝以利排水。", "RECOVERY": "生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病的發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "毛豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨造成淹水大於1天，發芽率降低，鮮莢產量降低，種子降低。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。播種前參考過去颱風風向紀錄，順風作種植畦。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加抵抗力。已屆收穫期儘早收穫乾燥。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫的倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "毛豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫3天，發芽率降低24%。", "PREVENTION": "適期播種。選擇北邊有防風林之地方種植，以降低東北季風強烈吹襲造成之寒害。採用機械作畦栽培，並於寒害來襲前實施畦溝灌水至畦面潮濕即可排水。", "RECOVERY": "氣溫回升後，酌施追肥促進生長，以增強耐（抗）寒力。" }, { "C_NAME": "毛豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "幼苗至開花結莢期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "淹水大於1天，發芽率降低，鮮莢產量降低，種子降低。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。播種前參考過去颱風風向紀錄，順風作種植畦。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加抵抗力。已屆收穫期儘早收穫乾燥。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫的倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。生長初、中期者應做輕度中耕並施少量氮肥後培土，以使恢復生長。注意預防紫斑病、銹病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "毛豆", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "成熟到採收期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "梅雨季豪雨持續3天，產量損失18.5%；持續11天，產量損失81.5%。", "PREVENTION": "整修排水溝以利排水。施肥期多施磷、鉀肥以增加植株抵抗力。", "RECOVERY": "成熟未收穫的倒伏株，應收割以免發芽腐爛。注意預防紫斑病、銹病發生，適期施藥。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "秧苗期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "5", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "植株生長遲緩、秧苗黃化、分糵數減少。", "PREVENTION": "秧苗綠化期田間覆蓋塑膠布並灌水。營養生長初期提高田間水位保溫。", "RECOVERY": "回暖後加強補植、酌施氮肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "穀粒充實期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "不稔、空殼、白堊質米。", "PREVENTION": "切實曬田以減少無效分糵。", "RECOVERY": "高水位、輪灌降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "穀粒充實期以後", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株倒伏、穗上發芽、空殼。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "田間及時排水或抽水。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株倒伏、穗上發芽、空殼。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "田間及時排水或抽水。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "葉片焦枯、空殼。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施。", "RECOVERY": "田間應立即灌水，慎防水稻白葉枯病為害。" }, { "C_NAME": "水稻", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風造成秧苗枯死、葉片破損、黃化、倒伏等。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施。", "RECOVERY": "酌施肥料、加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "火鶴花", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "颱風豪雨造成植株葉片、花苞片受損及病害感染。", "PREVENTION": "1. 為避免風害，應加強設施結構之抗風力。 2. 颱風來襲前以遮光網圍繞設施四周以減輕強風灌入溫室，並加鋼索固定於地錨增加抗風力。 3. 設置於溫室內的地錨，以鋼索強固結構。", "RECOVERY": "1. 儘速進行田區積水排除，避免植株長期浸水，影響根系生長。 2. 立即清除田區汙泥，避免病害發生及傳播。 3. 清除受損植株，剪除破損葉片及花苞片，清除因汙泥淹沒植株，並施用殺菌劑防治病害。 4. 修復田區設施，維持植株生育環境，確保後續切花產量及品質。" }, { "C_NAME": "火鶴花", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花到採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "火鶴花一般最好的生長日溫在25-32℃，夜溫21-24℃，當溫度超過35℃時，會造成葉燒、苞片退色並降低花朵壽命的現象。溫度對火鶴栽培造成的主要問題是消蕾的現象，一些研究指出在高於30℃的溫度逆境下有可能造成火鶴花俏蕾，高溫使火鶴花的苞片變長，縮短花苞露出至成熟所需時間。", "PREVENTION": "1. 利用微霧加濕降溫、循環風扇保持設施內通風，避免病蟲害發生。 2. 遮陰防止高光及間接高溫對植株造成傷害。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "火鶴花", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花到採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "火鶴花一般最好的生長日溫在25-32℃，夜溫21-24℃，火鶴花對霜害或寒害的反應是相當敏感的，大部份品種在18℃以下即會引起寒害，產量降低，苞片變型的現象；當夜溫低於15℃時，大部份品種會發生凍傷出現新葉皺縮、葉梗出現斑點，俏蕾、苞片嚴重畸形，並造成下位葉的黃化的病癥。", "PREVENTION": "1. 露天於迎風面設置臨時擋風牆，以塑膠布架高2公尺為例，防風效果約達16∼20公尺，田區長度若超過20公尺應再架設一道防風牆。網室或設施栽培於迎風面外披塑膠布或雜草抑制蓆擋風以減少風寒效應。 2. 露天栽培畦面臨時覆蓋稻草，或以不織布覆蓋於作物上有防寒效果。 3. 設施內以抽風機運轉避免幅射冷卻效應，或用加溫機或炭火加溫，田區有地下水井者可於清晨時抽水噴灑以提高溫度，不要在傍晚噴水以免幅射冷卻後的低水溫造成更嚴重的寒害。 4. 以暖氣機或加溫機於密封設施內加溫處理，注意燃油啟動之機械廢氣須排出設施外，以免乙烯傷害。 5. 在寒流將來之前幾天，噴灑鈣鎂成份較高的稀釋肥料，以增加植株耐寒力。", "RECOVERY": "1. 將受損葉片剪除促使重新生長。 2. 生長點或芽點受損植株應將受害部位剪去以免壞疽感染病菌。" }, { "C_NAME": "冬瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水後萎凋、黃化。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株及果實儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "四季豆", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結莢期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "畦面沖刷，根部裸露。田間高濕，各類病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土。根部受損輕微者，可施用廣效性藥劑如亞托敏等，預防葉部病害。死亡殘體儘速清除，避免擴大感染。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果果實發育到採收期、二收春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受損，放晴後高溫葉片乾枯，果粒出現裂果。", "PREVENTION": "保持園區土壤濕潤度避免乾濕變化太大、園區四週開深溝加強排水，注意溫室通風，適量再疏果。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、裂果之果粒剪除。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果果實發育到採收期、二收春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤田間容水量在50%-60%以下時，葡萄的光合作用明顯下降，且乾物重亦會下降。缺水嚴重時葉柄下垂，莖頂失水下垂甚至枯死。缺水加上高溫逆境，花穗發育受阻，嚴重時枯萎，發育中果實容易發生縮果病，轉熟期果實皺縮，嚴重時穗軸枯萎，果實脫落。", "PREVENTION": "給予田間適度的水分管理，並定期儲水以備不時之需。", "RECOVERY": "及時灌溉，避免土壤含水量過低，影響葡萄果實生長發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果修剪催芽期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤田間容水量在50%-60%以下時，葡萄的光合作用明顯下降，且乾物重亦會下降。缺水嚴重時葉柄下垂，莖頂失水下垂甚至枯死。缺水加上高溫逆境，花穗發育受阻，嚴重時枯萎，發育中果實容易發生縮果病，轉熟期果實皺縮，嚴重時穗軸枯萎，果實脫落。", "PREVENTION": "給予田間適度的水分管理，並定期儲水以備不時之需。", "RECOVERY": "及時灌溉，避免土壤含水量過低，影響葡萄果實生長發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果修剪催芽期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "新梢生長停滯、葉片黃化無法正常伸長，開花期容易產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "培養強建之結果母枝，提早疏芽適當肥培及夜間燈照處理。", "RECOVERY": "後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果修剪催芽期、一年二收修剪催芽期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "新梢生長停滯、葉片黃化無法正常伸長，開花期容易產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "溫室栽培：培養強建之結果母枝，提早疏芽適當肥培及夜間燈照處理。一年二收：架設防風網、培養生長勢強建之植株。", "RECOVERY": "後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果結果母枝生長期、一年二收春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受損，葉片受損。", "PREVENTION": "平常保持原區土壤濕潤度避免乾濕變化太大、園區四週開深溝加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、葉面施肥補充，促進新根生長後再加強肥培、新梢恢復成長。裂果之果粒剪除。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果結果母枝生長期、一年二收春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "1.枝葉生長受抑制，著果率降低，轉熟期果實轉色困難。如果蒸散作用強而根部活力低(例如:梅雨過後高溫晴天)或缺水，發育中果實(stage II, III)可能發生縮果病。2.著果及開花數降低，果穗出現萎縮現象。", "PREVENTION": "高溫可利用噴霧設施改善著果情形。", "RECOVERY": "災後不宜立即施肥，避免肥傷；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果結果母枝生長期、一年二收春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條殘斷、果實擦傷；豪雨導致果園淹水，根系因淹水受損，導致植株樹勢衰弱。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風網、加強枝條固定，果園四周可挖深溝幫助排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，剪除擦傷果或全部果穗，促進樹勢恢復；災後不宜立即施肥，避免肥傷；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果結果母枝生長期、二收春果開花著果到採收期、冬果修剪催芽期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受損，葉片受損。", "PREVENTION": "平常保持原區土壤濕潤度避免乾濕變化太大、園區四週開深溝加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、葉面施肥補充，促進新根生長後再加強肥培、新梢恢復成長。裂果之果粒剪除。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "一年一收溫室春果結果母枝生長期、二收春果開花著果到採收期、冬果修剪催芽期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條殘斷、果實擦傷；豪雨導致果園淹水，根系因淹水受損，導致植株樹勢衰弱。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風網、加強枝條固定，果園四周可挖深溝幫助排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，剪除擦傷果或全部果穗，促進樹勢恢復；災後不宜立即施肥，避免肥傷；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "冬果修剪催芽到開花著果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "1.枝葉生長受抑制，著果率降低，轉熟期果實轉色困難。如果蒸散作用強而根部活力低(例如:梅雨過後高溫晴天)或缺水，發育中果實(stage II, III)可能發生縮果病。2.著果及開花數降低，果穗出現萎縮現象。", "PREVENTION": "高溫可利用噴霧設施改善著果情形。", "RECOVERY": "災後不宜立即施肥，避免肥傷；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "冬果開花著果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "1.枝葉生長受抑制，著果率降低，轉熟期果實轉色困難。如果蒸散作用強而根部活力低(例如:梅雨過後高溫晴天)或缺水，發育中果實(stage II, III)可能發生縮果病。2.著果及開花數降低，果穗出現萎縮現象。", "PREVENTION": "高溫可利用噴霧設施改善著果情形。", "RECOVERY": "災後不宜立即施肥，避免肥傷；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "冬果開花著果期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤田間容水量在50%-60%以下時，葡萄的光合作用明顯下降，且乾物重亦會下降。缺水嚴重時葉柄下垂，莖頂失水下垂甚至枯死。缺水加上高溫逆境，花穗發育受阻，嚴重時枯萎，發育中果實容易發生縮果病，轉熟期果實皺縮，嚴重時穗軸枯萎，果實脫落。", "PREVENTION": "給予田間適度的水分管理，並定期儲水以備不時之需。", "RECOVERY": "及時灌溉，避免土壤含水量過低，影響葡萄果實生長發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春果修剪萌芽到新梢生長期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤田間容水量在50%-60%以下時，葡萄的光合作用明顯下降，且乾物重亦會下降。缺水嚴重時葉柄下垂，莖頂失水下垂甚至枯死。缺水加上高溫逆境，花穗發育受阻，嚴重時枯萎，發育中果實容易發生縮果病，轉熟期果實皺縮，嚴重時穗軸枯萎，果實脫落。", "PREVENTION": "給予田間適度的水分管理，並定期儲水以備不時之需。", "RECOVERY": "及時灌溉，避免土壤含水量過低，影響葡萄果實生長發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春果修剪萌芽到新梢生長期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "新梢生長停滯、葉片黃化無法正常伸長，開花期容易產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網、培養生長勢強建之植株，", "RECOVERY": "後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春果修剪催芽到萌芽期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "新梢生長停滯、葉片黃化無法正常伸長，開花期容易產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網、培養生長勢強建之植株。", "RECOVERY": "後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "巨峰葡萄", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "春果開花著果到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受損，葉片受損。", "PREVENTION": "平常保持原區土壤濕潤度避免乾濕變化太大、園區四週開深溝加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、葉面施肥補充，促進新根生長後再加強肥培、新梢恢復成長。裂果之果粒剪除。" }, { "C_NAME": "本地種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "15", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花穗抽生延遲、花粉活力下降、降低昆蟲授粉率、開花而不結果。", "PREVENTION": "加強植株樹勢、建立防風圍籬。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "本地種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "38", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "開花期異常高溫熱風使花穗授粉、著果不良而產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "加強噴水與田間灌溉、裝設灌溉與防風系統。", "RECOVERY": "定期噴水或灌溉，避免裂果。" }, { "C_NAME": "本地種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使植株倒伏、果實殘斷、壓擦傷；套袋破損、落葉。", "PREVENTION": "加強防風設施、植株修剪、幼株加立支柱。", "RECOVERY": "倒伏株適度扶正、加立支柱，加強肥培，促進恢復生長；剪除受損枝、清園；全園加強噴施殺菌劑，減少病害產生。" }, { "C_NAME": "本地種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使植株倒伏、果實殘斷、壓擦傷；套袋破損、落葉。", "PREVENTION": "加強防風設施、植株修剪、幼株加立支柱。", "RECOVERY": "倒伏株適度扶正、加立支柱，加強肥培，促進恢復生長；剪除受損枝、清園；全園加強噴施殺菌劑，減少病害產生。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藍", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "葉片浸水腐爛、黃化。根部受損，葉部病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "高畦加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "儘速排除田間積水，避免立即施用肥料，待植株恢復生長後，再逐步施用肥料；適時用藥，避免軟腐病發生。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藍", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期以後", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "降雨造成淹水、強風搖晃植株產生損傷。", "PREVENTION": "選擇排水良好田區，以減少積淹水風險；並可以高畦種植加速排水。夏季種植甘藍亦需備妥防蟲網，於颱風警報發布後，以防蟲網進行覆蓋，以固定植株避免強風搖晃，造成植株損傷與死亡。", "RECOVERY": "風災過後應儘速排除田間積水，避免立即施用肥料，待植株恢復生長後，再逐步施用肥料；適時用藥，避免軟腐病發生。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藍", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "結球期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "30", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "植株發育減緩或停止，超過30℃結球日數延遲，不緊實。不耐熱品種幼苗期32℃高溫10天，葉片呈皺縮及反捲，發生熱害的症狀。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。高溫期品種植後應留意側芽數及舟型葉發生，如有發生表示該品種遭遇高溫逆境，應延後種植。", "RECOVERY": "定期灌溉降溫、延後種植。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春作莖葉發育旺盛到發育轉變期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75%。", "PREVENTION": "施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春作莖葉發育旺盛到發育轉變期或夏作發育初期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75%。淹水33天，產量降低。", "PREVENTION": "施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "春作發育初期或秋作塊根成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "7", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫5天，頂芽褐化、葉脈黃化、葉緣枯黃、葉片黃化萎凋、莖部褐化。", "PREVENTION": "秋作甘藷於八月下旬播種。應設置塑膠布或選用稻草或不織布直接覆蓋，採畦溝灌溉方式，以達保溫防寒效果。", "RECOVERY": "氣溫回升後，酌施追肥促進生長，以增強耐（抗）寒力。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "春作塊根肥大到成熟期、夏作發育轉變到塊根成熟期、裡作發育初期或秋作發育初期到莖葉發育旺盛期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "1.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 2.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 3.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 4.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "春作塊根肥大到成熟期、夏作發育轉變到塊根成熟期、裡作發育初期或秋作發育初期到莖葉發育旺盛期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "1.淹水33天，產量降低 2.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 3.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 4.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 5.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "春作塊根肥大到成熟期或夏作發育轉變到塊根成熟期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "1.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 2.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 3.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 4.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "春作塊根肥大到成熟期或夏作發育轉變到塊根成熟期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "1.淹水33天，產量降低 2.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 3.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 4.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 5.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "秋作塊根成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "7", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫5天，頂芽褐化、葉脈黃化、葉緣枯黃、葉片黃化萎凋、莖部褐化。", "PREVENTION": "秋作甘藷於八月下旬播種。應設置塑膠布或選用稻草或不織布直接覆蓋，採畦溝灌溉方式，以達保溫防寒效果。", "RECOVERY": "氣溫回升後，酌施追肥促進生長，以增強耐（抗）寒力。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "裡作莖葉發育旺盛期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "1.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 2.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 3.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 4.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "裡作莖葉發育旺盛期或秋作塊根成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "7", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫5天，頂芽褐化、葉脈黃化、葉緣枯黃、葉片黃化萎凋、莖部褐化。", "PREVENTION": "秋作甘藷於八月下旬播種。應設置塑膠布或選用稻草或不織布直接覆蓋，採畦溝灌溉方式，以達保溫防寒效果。", "RECOVERY": "氣溫回升後，酌施追肥促進生長，以增強耐（抗）寒力。" }, { "C_NAME": "甘藷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "裡作發育初期或秋作莖葉發育旺盛到塊根肥大期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "1.豪雨2天，塊根鮮重降低75% 2.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低67-88% 3.畦溝淹水30公分5天，具商品價值之塊根產量降低 36-53% 4.淹水6天，塊根種塊根重降低75%", "PREVENTION": "近收穫期者適時收穫，栽種田區於插植前，勵行土壤害蟲防治，減少塊根受害，引起浸水腐爛。施肥期增施鉀肥，以增強抵抗性。酌割取部份薯蔓，以免浸水腐爛。", "RECOVERY": "迅速排水，以防薯塊腐爛，生育期中植株即予中耕並施少量追肥，以恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "百香果", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "苗期到採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "新梢生長停滯、葉片呈現不規則斑點。", "PREVENTION": "結霜清晨盡速噴水沖洗葉面，避免使用過量氮肥，提早施用鈣、鉀肥。", "RECOVERY": "給予充足水分，加強肥培，促進樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "百香果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致授粉不良、落花、果實皺縮、病害、落果及裂果問題。根系受損，植株生育不良。", "PREVENTION": "易積水處加強排水設施。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、清除病果，加強病害防治與肥培。" }, { "C_NAME": "百香果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "焚風造成花芽發育受組、授粉不良。", "PREVENTION": "噴水提升果園濕度。", "RECOVERY": "修剪斷受損枝條、清除病果，加強病害防治及肥培，促進生長勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "百香果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致授粉不良、落花、果實皺縮、病害、落果及裂果問題。根系受損，植株生育不良。強風造成枝葉折損、果實擦傷、落果。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、果園設置防風設施、減施氮肥。", "RECOVERY": "盡速排除積水；修剪斷受損枝條、清除病果，加強病害防治及肥培，促進生長勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "西瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "中大果期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "中大果期連續浸漬2小時以上，土壤缺氧可能造成根部受損。日降水量達280毫米以上嚴重受損。", "PREVENTION": "雨季應作高畦並注意加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。除去受損幼果；預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "西瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "幼苗期到植株生育期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "幼苗期1-2片本葉，於夜溫降至15℃左右時，幼苗可能產生黃化、矮化及停止生長等現象。授粉期溫度低於13℃，可能造成空心果。成熟期溫度低於28℃，果實延緩成熟。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。畦面覆蓋延伸到畦溝。幼苗低溫鍛鍊。設置塑膠防風罩、加強防風與保溫。補充適當鉀肥、鈣肥。", "RECOVERY": "預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "西瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "植株生育期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "40", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "植株發育減緩或停止。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。", "RECOVERY": "定期灌溉降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "西瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "結果期以後", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "450", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風合宜株距、溫室栽培者循環風扇開啟、誘導抗病亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "改良種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "15", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花穗抽生延遲、花粉活力下降、降低昆蟲授粉率、開花而不結果。", "PREVENTION": "加強植株樹勢、建立防風圍籬。", "RECOVERY": "愛文、凱特及聖心品種可摘除花穗，促使萌生二次花。" }, { "C_NAME": "改良種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "38", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "開花期異常高溫熱風使花穗授粉、著果不良而產生無子果。", "PREVENTION": "加強噴水與田間灌溉、裝設灌溉與防風系統。", "RECOVERY": "定期噴水或灌溉，避免裂果。" }, { "C_NAME": "改良種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使植株倒伏、果實殘斷、壓擦傷；套袋破損、落葉。", "PREVENTION": "加強防風設施、植株修剪、幼株加立支柱。", "RECOVERY": "倒伏株適度扶正、加立支柱，加強肥培，促進恢復生長；剪除受損枝、清園；全園加強噴施殺菌劑，減少病害產生。" }, { "C_NAME": "改良種芒果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使植株倒伏、果實殘斷、壓擦傷；套袋破損、落葉。", "PREVENTION": "加強防風設施、植株修剪、幼株加立支柱。", "RECOVERY": "倒伏株適度扶正、加立支柱，加強肥培，促進恢復生長；剪除受損枝、清園；全園加強噴施殺菌劑，減少病害產生。" }, { "C_NAME": "芋", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "生長到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "受強風侵襲後植株倒伏、葉片破裂。葉片容易發生疫病。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、設置防風設施、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "倒伏植株若已定植4個月以上，勿勉強扶正，以避免嚴重傷害根群。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部，減少因風雨所造成的傷口受到感染。且降雨過後好發疫病，須同時進行防治。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "其他柑桔", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "果園積水，導致根群受損、落果、糖度降低、枝梢萎黃、發育不良、植株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "選擇地下水位低及避開低窪種植、高畦及強化園區排水系統。", "RECOVERY": "儘速排除積水、受損植株加強肥培、修剪，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "其他柑桔", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到果實發育期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "720", "THRESHOLD": "40", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "月降雨量小於40mm。葉片萎凋、開花期易落花、幼果至果實肥大期易有落果。", "PREVENTION": "加強灌溉、設理蓄水池及灌溉系統、草生栽培。", "RECOVERY": "均勻灌溉、修剪枝葉減少水分蒸散。" }, { "C_NAME": "其他柑桔", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到果實發育期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條折損、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏；落果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱、設立防風林或防風網；提前採收。", "RECOVERY": "趁土壤濕軟扶正植株、加立支柱；剪除受損枝、清除地面落果；噴施殺菌劑，減少病害之發生。加強葉面施肥恢復生育， 接近成熟果實提前採收。" }, { "C_NAME": "其他柑桔", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條折損、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏；落果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱、設立防風林或防風網；提前採收。", "RECOVERY": "趁土壤濕軟扶正植株、加立支柱；剪除受損枝、清除地面落果；噴施殺菌劑，減少病害之發生。加強葉面施肥恢復生育， 接近成熟果實提前採收。" }, { "C_NAME": "枇杷", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期", "STAGE": "枝條生長到開花期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條殘斷；豪雨導致果園淹水，根系因淹水受損，導致樹勢衰弱，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風網、加強枝條固定，果園四周挖深溝幫助排水。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、和緩漸次地扶正植株；修剪受損枝條，促進樹勢恢復；葉面施肥補充，促進新根生長後再加強肥培培、新梢恢復成長；進行病蟲害防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "枇杷", "GROWTH": "採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "採收到枝條生長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系因淹水受損，導致樹勢衰弱，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網、後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素。", "RECOVERY": "摘除受損果，減輕植株負擔；加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復；清園，避免落葉落果成為二次感染源。提早疏芽加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "枇杷", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花到採收期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "影響果實轉色、果實脫水皺縮、果肉硬化。焚風造成新梢受損、葉片焦枯。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網、葉面蒸散抑制劑、全園噴霧，提高園間濕度。", "RECOVERY": "全園灌溉，並配合葉面肥培管理，已迅速恢復樹勢。摘除受損果，減輕植株負擔。" }, { "C_NAME": "枇杷", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "5", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "氣溫<5℃，影響授粉、著果及果實發育，果粒變黃、落果，果肉硬化。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網、後續葉片補充營養劑並澆灌開根素。", "RECOVERY": "摘除受損果，減輕植株負擔；加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復；清園，避免落葉落果成為二次感染源。提早疏芽加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "玫瑰", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "高溫導致開花數及花瓣數減少、產量降低。高溫持續(日36/夜28 °C)兩週以上，造成提早開花、落花、降低花朵乾重。超過44℃會導致熱休克，產量嚴重降低。", "PREVENTION": "產期調節、選擇耐熱品種、遮陰及適度灌溉降溫。", "RECOVERY": "摘除花蕾，積蓄植株營養，以利秋季開花。" }, { "C_NAME": "玫瑰", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫使花期間隔變長，台灣夏日修剪後約30-40日開花，冬日約50-70日開花；低於5℃，容易造成牛頭畸形花及花瓣外端黑化。持續低溫後回溫可能導致過早解除休眠，降低低溫耐性。", "PREVENTION": "產期調節、選擇耐寒品種及適度灌溉保溫，減小日夜溫差，維持芽體休眠，增加耐寒性。", "RECOVERY": "適度修剪受損枝條。" }, { "C_NAME": "玫瑰", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "颱風造成植株倒伏、折枝、擦傷、裂枝、葉片及花朵損傷，嚴重死亡。", "PREVENTION": "加強防風設施及疏浚排水溝，以利排水；夏季可進行強修剪；若遇切花期，可採收者應提早採收，作好保鮮處理，使其正常開放。", "RECOVERY": "颱風後應剪除折損枝梢，樹勢強健可以強修剪，新萌枝條應注意蚜蟲及葉蹣為害；倘設施損毀會造成雨水直接澆淋，須注意黑點病、災後大修剪時宜選擇晴天，並施用廣效殺菌劑，減少枝枯病、露菌病、灰黴病及腫瘤病等病害發生；倒伏嚴重不宜扶正，適度修剪後予以支撐，充足給水及適當肥份，並摘除花苞培養樹勢。" }, { "C_NAME": "芝麻", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致水傷、葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏。", "PREVENTION": "如胡麻尚未播種者應先暫緩，惟須注意適栽期；建議作畦栽培強化植株對淹水忍受力，並於颱風後儘速排水，再行整地播種。", "RECOVERY": "加強排水、另如風勢較大造成水稻葉片破損，應加強白葉枯病的防治工作。" }, { "C_NAME": "花椰菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "150", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "水傷、雨後陽光熾烈容易造成損傷。豪雨過後田區仍處於高溫高濕條件，容易有疫病與軟腐病等病原危害。", "PREVENTION": "保持排水通暢，可用覆蓋物(如塑膠網、魚網等)覆蓋，以防植株受風搖動。", "RECOVERY": "適時採收，參考植物保護資訊系統手冊上的核准藥劑，並注意用藥安全，遵照規範使用核准藥劑及其施用濃度、方法及安全採收期。受損嚴重，請及時復耕，重新播種蔬菜。可參考短期葉菜類，如小白菜、青梗白菜、芥藍、莧菜、蕹菜、萵苣等，並注意作物適栽期。" }, { "C_NAME": "青花菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "150", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "水傷、雨後陽光熾烈容易造成損傷。豪雨過後田區仍處於高溫高濕條件，容易有疫病與軟腐病等病原危害。", "PREVENTION": "保持排水通暢，可用覆蓋物(如塑膠網、魚網等)覆蓋，以防植株受風搖動。", "RECOVERY": "適時採收，參考植物保護資訊系統手冊上的核准藥劑，並注意用藥安全，遵照規範使用核准藥劑及其施用濃度、方法及安全採收期。受損嚴重，請及時復耕，重新播種蔬菜。可參考短期葉菜類，如小白菜、青梗白菜、芥藍、莧菜、蕹菜、萵苣等，並注意作物適栽期。" }, { "C_NAME": "青蒜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "蒜根為肉質根，耐濕性弱，下雨應注意排水，田間積水易導致肉質根壞死而腐爛。", "PREVENTION": "注意豔陽時水份管理，不當灌水容易造成植株枯黃，灌水或雨後須加強排水，避免田間積水。", "RECOVERY": "加強排水。" }, { "C_NAME": "青蒜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "25", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "蒜生長適溫在18-20℃，超過25℃高溫生理代謝失調、葉片枯黃、地下部鱗莖停止生長，進入休眠。", "PREVENTION": "慎選種植期，台灣平地多於秋季種植。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "南瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水後萎凋、黃化。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株及果實儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "柿", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "氣溫處於10℃以下，無風環境或輻射冷卻效應影響結霜。結霜使得春季新梢凍傷、黃化，花穗萎縮或造成秋季葉片受害提早落葉。", "PREVENTION": "風扇擾動氣流、開闢冷氣流出口、燃燒加熱、噴水。", "RECOVERY": "剪除受害枝條，葉面施肥補充，促使葉色恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "柿", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "甜柿（羅田甜柿、富有、次郎、花御所）、澀柿（牛心柿、石柿）：強風使枝條折斷、葉片破損、果實受傷落果；豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受損，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "防風圍籬，較長的側枝應架設錏管支架固定。", "RECOVERY": "和緩扶正植株；修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑；加強清園、病害防治與肥培，以恢復樹勢。" }, { "C_NAME": "柿", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "萌芽至新梢生長期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "360", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "樹體打破休眠不完全，以致抽稍延遲與減少，花期延後與花數減少，著果不易。", "PREVENTION": "於正常抽稍期前催芽。", "RECOVERY": "加強肥培與葉面施肥，促進新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。隧道棚或溫室等設施損壞、葉片破裂乾枯、藤蔓折損、花芽與幼果擦傷不發育。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風合宜株距、溫室栽培者循環風扇開啟、誘導抗病亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。加強設施或棚架結構。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。除去受損幼果；預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春作生長期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "48", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "晝溫低於15℃生長停滯；於7.4℃連續48小時植株發生傷害。低於0.5℃植株死亡 。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。畦面覆蓋延伸到畦溝。幼苗低溫鍛鍊。加強防風與保溫。補充適當鉀肥、鈣肥。", "RECOVERY": "預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "秋冬作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "48", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "晝溫長期低於21℃植株生長緩慢、著果差、小果裂果、果實易僵化不易肥大；於7.4℃連續48小時植株發生傷害。低於0.5℃植株死亡 。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。畦面覆蓋延伸到畦溝。幼苗低溫鍛鍊。加強防風與保溫。補充適當鉀肥、鈣肥。", "RECOVERY": "預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "夏作生長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "280", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "夏作生長期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋蔥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "150", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "降雨導致田區積水，植株水傷、根系受損，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "已經定植的洋蔥本田，務必加強排水，避免豪雨帶來大量雨水，阻塞淤積於田間，必要時採用抽水機協助。苗齡已達40~45天以上之苗圃採後苗株整理成束，以報紙包覆直立放置塑膠籃中以5℃冰存，等待適合的天候再行種植，避免苗株受損。", "RECOVERY": "注意降雨誘發病蟲害(如軟腐病、疫病、炭疽病、斜紋夜蛾等)，宜參考推薦防治藥劑適時、適量噴施，並需確切遵守安全採收期，保障消費者健康。" }, { "C_NAME": "洋蔥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "12", "THRESHOLD": "30", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "種子發芽適溫在16℃到25℃之間，根群發育適溫在15℃到20℃之間，莖葉發育適溫在20℃到26℃之間。日溫30℃以上容易導致熱障礙，育苗期高溫生育遲鈍、育苗率低下；生育期高溫導致生育衰弱；結球期高溫會提早休眠、蔥球不能充分發育肥大。", "PREVENTION": "調整耕作期及種植地點，於台灣中南部沿海地帶9月到隔年4月為適當生育期，於生育期溫度低，成熟期溫度高，且有定向季節風，空氣較為乾燥，黑斑病發生機會較低，栽培成果較佳。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "洋蔥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "降雨導致田區積水，植株水傷、根系受損，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "已經定植的洋蔥本田，務必加強排水，避免豪雨帶來大量雨水，阻塞淤積於田間，必要時採用抽水機協助。苗齡已達40~45天以上之苗圃採後苗株整理成束，以報紙包覆直立放置塑膠籃中以5℃冰存，等待適合的天候再行種植，避免苗株受損。", "RECOVERY": "注意降雨誘發病蟲害(如軟腐病、疫病、炭疽病、斜紋夜蛾等)，宜參考推薦防治藥劑適時、適量噴施，並需確切遵守安全採收期，保障消費者健康。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅豆", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "子實充實到成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫造成延遲開花、落花、落莢及結實不良。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施、禦寒設施。", "RECOVERY": "加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅豆", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "子實充實到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "50.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨造成植株腐爛。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施及防風設施。", "RECOVERY": "及時排水或抽水。加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "萌芽及幼苗期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "50.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨造成植株或種子腐爛，不發芽。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施及防風設施，不宜搶種。", "RECOVERY": "及時排水或抽水。加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅豆", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "萌芽及幼苗期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風造成幼苗枯死、葉片破損、黃化、倒伏。豪雨造成植株或種子腐爛，不發芽。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施及防風設施，不宜搶種。", "RECOVERY": "及時排水或抽水。加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅龍果", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "枝條修剪期 (產調開花著果期)", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "12", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "嫩枝可能出現橘斑；成熟的枝條黃化脫水凹陷，嚴重枝條肉質部分腐爛並呈液化現象。產調果園開花期遇低溫導致著果不良。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風網；低溫前灌溉，保持土溫；可噴施亞磷酸，預防枝條黃化後腐爛情形。產調果園開花延遲至上午，需進行花朵套袋，避免蜜蜂大量採粉導致授粉不良。", "RECOVERY": "立即進行洗霜作業；摘除發育不良之小果；清園，清園後薄施液肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "紅龍果", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致園區積水與枝條拍擊傷害；強風使枝條蒸散過速，翌日迅速失水枯黃。果實劣化或發生大量病害。開花當天如遇颱風夾帶豪雨，將影響授粉導致著果不良。", "PREVENTION": "提早採收熟度過高之果實；加強果園支架、防風及園區排水設備，颱風無雨時噴水增加環境濕度。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水；根部裸露時填土；斷枝修剪與清園；病蟲害防治；限制結果量；摘除授粉不良及劣化小果。" }, { "C_NAME": "胡瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水後萎凋、黃化。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株及果實儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "胡瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花胡瓜性喜溫暖，在臺灣可週年生產，田間生育適溫為20-30℃，溫度高於35℃時，會造成生理障礙，影響果實形狀及品質；溫度高於38℃幼苗容易出現高溫逆境，導致減產；溫度升高至45℃時，葉色變淺，花粉發育不良，多畸型果。", "PREVENTION": "選用耐熱品種、或以南瓜為根砧與花胡瓜進行嫁接，增加存活率；留意水分管理；維持設施內的散熱能力；溫度32℃以上，果實快速成長，宜早晚各採收一次，避免果實過度成長，影響販售品質。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "苦瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "開花結果期，植株浸水後萎凋、黃化。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株及果實儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "茄子", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "田間浸水，根部受損。田間高濕，各類病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。傾斜植株勿強迫扶正。" }, { "C_NAME": "食用玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "出苗不齊，根系腐爛，葉片黃化捲縮，萎凋，植株矮化，每穗粒數減少及果穗生長速率下降。田區積水，根系受損，病蟲害增加。", "PREVENTION": "延遲種植，加強田間排水。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "食用玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "焚風造成授粉不良、葉片焦枯，引起玉米發生生育障礙及減產。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風設施、適當肥培管理強健植株。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "食用玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "造成枝葉斷損、倒伏。", "PREVENTION": "加強田間排水、設置防風設施、適當肥培管理強健植株。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "食用玉米", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "吐絲及授粉期到成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "種子萌發率下降，根長下降，幼苗枯萎，植株生長延遲，葉片黃化，萎凋，雄穗分枝數減少，花粉粒減少，花粉活性降低。", "PREVENTION": "延遲種植，在畦溝灌注淺水保溫，並設置防風設施，以達保溫防寒效果，成熟期之玉米應儘速採收。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "食用番茄", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "36", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "裂果：果實遇到多量水分，果肉吸水膨脹，但果皮老化無法與果肉同步膨脹而破裂，有縱狀裂紋、環狀裂果及角質層裂果等。", "PREVENTION": "慎選品種：一般而言大果型番茄比中小型番茄更易裂果，另果實表皮較薄者比表皮厚的品種更容易裂果。環境因素：果實發育期間的降雨、溫度過高或過低，空氣中相對濕度增加，都會引起裂果發生，特別是土壤水分突然劇烈變化時。營養因素：植株對鈣、硼有吸收障礙時，容易導致果皮組織不健全而產生裂果。管理措施：如整枝修剪不當，摘心過早容易造成光合產物集中供應到果實，造成果實內外生長速率不一致而導致裂果。", "RECOVERY": "種植時應注意選擇番茄品種。 盡量避免在番茄果實綠熟期或果實發育後期，遭遇逆境如高溫、強光照射。 水分管理適當，避免番茄水分吸收過多或不足，或土壤乾濕不均一。 適當施用有機質肥料可以改良土壤性質；適當整枝修剪，減少陽光直接照射果實，可避免果皮老化。" }, { "C_NAME": "食用番茄", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株：田間浸水，根部受損、田間高濕，各類病害易發生。裂果：果實遇到多量水分，果肉吸水膨脹，但果皮老化無法與果肉同步膨脹而破裂，有縱狀裂紋、環狀裂果及角質層裂果等。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。受害殘株儘速清除，避免擴大感染。慎選品種：一般而言大果型番茄比中小型番茄更易裂果，另果實表皮較薄者比表皮厚的品種更容易裂果。環境因素：果實發育期間的降雨、溫度過高或過低，空氣中相對濕度增加，都會引起裂果發生，特別是土壤水分突然劇烈變化時。營養因素：植株對鈣、硼有吸收障礙時，容易導致果皮組織不健全而產生裂果。管理措施：如整枝修剪不當，摘心過早容易造成光合產物集中供應到果實，造成果實內外生長速率不一致而導致裂果。", "RECOVERY": "施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。傾斜植株勿強迫扶正。種植時應注意選擇番茄品種。 盡量避免在番茄果實綠熟期或果實發育後期，遭遇逆境如高溫、強光照射。 水分管理適當，避免番茄水分吸收過多或不足，或土壤乾濕不均一。 適當施用有機質肥料可以改良土壤性質；適當整枝修剪，減少陽光直接照射果實，可避免果皮老化。" }, { "C_NAME": "食用番茄", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "32", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "小果番茄栽培時當夜溫超過21℃、日溫超過32℃以上時，著果率將顯著降低。延遲第一串花形成、減少花序及小花數、降低花粉品質、促進花柱延長，阻礙自交受粉。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。慎選耐熱品種。人工、昆蟲授粉。減少長花柱形成：避免施用過量的氮肥及未腐熟的雞糞，育苗時注意光照要充足。", "RECOVERY": "定期灌溉降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "食用番茄", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "設施內溫度持續8℃∼10℃時，植株表現輕微寒害，葉色暗綠，無光澤，或花青素增加，葉片呈紫紅色，花芽不正常分化。若持續6℃以下，葉緣失綠白化，嚴重時葉片呈水漬狀，進而組織壞死乾枯，果實軟化腐爛。於冬季低溫5℃∼7℃時，氮肥與土壤水分過多時，自花芽分化至果實發育過程受阻礙產生頂裂果及開窗果。", "PREVENTION": "事先進行保護性預防措施。設置防風網；低溫前灌溉，保持土溫。氮肥施用量要適當，不可過多。施用植物荷爾蒙時應特別小心。", "RECOVERY": "寒害後於白天加強通風，避免濕度累積引起病害 (晚疫病、灰黴病等) 發生。及時採收果實。修剪枯枝殘骸，噴灑殺菌劑。回溫後，可酌量補充微量元素及鉀肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。隧道棚或溫室等設施損壞、葉片破裂乾枯、藤蔓折損、花芽與幼果擦傷不發育。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風合宜株距、溫室栽培者循環風扇開啟、誘導抗病亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。加強設施或棚架結構。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。除去受損幼果；預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "春作生長期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "48", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "晝溫低於15℃生長停滯；於7.4℃連續48小時植株發生傷害。低於0.5℃植株死亡 。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。畦面覆蓋延伸到畦溝。幼苗低溫鍛鍊。加強防風與保溫。補充適當鉀肥、鈣肥。", "RECOVERY": "預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "秋冬作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "48", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "晝溫長期低於21℃植株生長緩慢、著果差、小果裂果、果實易僵化不易肥大；於7.4℃連續48小時植株發生傷害。低於0.5℃植株死亡 。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。畦面覆蓋延伸到畦溝。幼苗低溫鍛鍊。加強防風與保溫。補充適當鉀肥、鈣肥。", "RECOVERY": "預防病害；依生長階段補充肥料。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "夏作生長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "夏作生長期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水萎凋、授粉與著果不良、病害劇增、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "香瓜", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "夏作果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "400", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株徒長弱化、病害嚴重、授粉不良、著果率低、裂果或腐爛、糖度差、採收果易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "選用適當品種。高畦種植。加強排水、防雨、加強通風：合宜株距、如為溫室栽培者，開啟循環風扇、誘導抗病：亞磷酸中和液、殺菌處理、提高磷鉀肥時序提早：忌高氮肥、適量補鈣。", "RECOVERY": "排除田間積水；預防病害；依生長勢補充肥料；畦溝翻鬆。" }, { "C_NAME": "香蕉", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "中株到果實成熟期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "浸水2-3天、使植株倒伏、淹水使根部受損，24小時後，不立刻排水，再過24小時會導致葉片枯萎，甚至植株死亡。", "PREVENTION": "雨季時應注意蕉園排水狀況，防風，立支柱，雨季期間宜加強割除病葉及地面噴藥措施，減少葉部病害發生。", "RECOVERY": "立刻進行排水。若浸水時間太長導致根毛黑爛，母株危害嚴重，則應砍除。表土部分被被沖失，則須加以適當培土、立支柱以防倒伏。加強蔬果工作、清潔蕉園，防止象鼻蟲危害。" }, { "C_NAME": "香蕉", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "中株到果實成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "12", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "嚴重寒害，蕉株葉片黃化枯萎，幼果果皮呈黑褐色。造成產期延後、低產。", "PREVENTION": "容易受到霜害地區的北向應種植防風林，終花後可以藍色塑膠袋套果房，嚴寒時可加包報紙、覆蓋塑膠布，加強保溫；合理鉀肥之施用可增加耐寒力；除去枯葉，增加陽光照射；灌水可減少霜害。", "RECOVERY": "割除受害枯萎的葉片，視受害程度進行適度疏果，待溫度升高後，補充肥料，以助植株發育。" }, { "C_NAME": "香蕉", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "中株到果實成熟期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "假莖、葉片易受危害，抽穗期造成葉片全部折損斷裂，中株期假莖及葉片折斷、蕉株被土石掩埋。風速>17m/s，使葉片和葉鞘連接處扭斷；風速>30m/s，未立支柱，蕉園被毀。", "PREVENTION": "颱風來襲前，應豎立防風支柱，並加強綁繩工作，減少風害，蕉園有積水現象時，宜儘速進行排水處理。", "RECOVERY": "儘速清園，去除倒伏蕉株。倒伏植株須盡速扶正，並適當培土；蕉株折斷，應將母株自假莖折斷處切除，留母株旁較大之優良吸芽苗。" }, { "C_NAME": "荔枝", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期", "STAGE": "枝條休眠期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "360", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "12月中旬後溫度持續>20℃，抽穗率降低、停梢至抽穗期萌生新梢。", "PREVENTION": "提早控梢、延長停梢期、加強停梢管理。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "荔枝", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "結果到採收期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "100", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "影響果園病蟲害防治作業，增加病害發生。", "PREVENTION": "增加果園排水，雨季來臨前使用亞硝酸防治露疫病發生。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水，加強肥培、葉面施肥補充，促進新梢、新根恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "荔枝", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "12", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花穗發育遲滯、受精不良、著果初期可能明顯落果。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施、禦寒設施。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "荔枝", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "偏雌花盛開期連續5日以上春雨，影響授粉授精過程，滋生黴菌造成落花落果。", "PREVENTION": "搭遮雨棚，噴施殺菌劑。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "荔枝", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "12", "THRESHOLD": "8", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花穗發育遲滯、受精不良、著果初期可能明顯落果。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施、禦寒設施。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "茶", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "萌芽到採收期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "720", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "嚴重乾旱可能導致春冬茶產量損失、嚴重茶樹枯死。", "PREVENTION": "尋找水源進行灌溉；適時採摘茶芽製茶，但要注意安全採收期；停止施肥，進行淺耕及敷蓋以減少土壤水分蒸發；強剪枝以減少葉片水分蒸發；葉面噴施營養劑或蒸散抑制劑。", "RECOVERY": "無灌溉設施者，應及早設立，以避免未來之旱害，依旱害程度進行不同程度之樹勢修剪，土壤若有水分補注，可進行深耕之耕犁作業，以犁鬆因乾旱引起之密實土壤，以利新根系生長。三年內幼木茶園因旱害枯死，利用於雨季時節進行補植，購置新扦插苗或直接將枝條壓條補植，若枯死率超過五成以上，可考慮休閒半年至一年後再重新種植茶苗。" }, { "C_NAME": "茶", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "萌芽到採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "5", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "1心1葉期後，氣溫低於5℃以下持續4小時以上。下雪或霜降導致新生芽遭受凍害，經太陽曝曬後幼嫩芽葉呈現焦枯。", "PREVENTION": "選擇適合栽種區域及品種，茶樹儘量種在向陽坡。海拔2,000 公尺以上茶園可調整採收期以避開遭遇霜害之時期。下霜一般發生於夜晚、清晨，耕作者宜注意低溫特報，採取必要之應變措施，如噴霧(灌)或灑水防護法、煙霧法、覆蓋法或風扇改善空氣對流等。", "RECOVERY": "霜害程度若輕可用手採摘未受霜害茶菁製茶，以減少損失。受霜害茶菁所製造之茶葉呈現酸味消費者不易接受。輕霜害且具良好採摘面茶園宜採輕修剪，期早恢復樹勢。早春茶受害重者宜採深剪，並酌增施肥料，尤其磷、鉀肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "茶", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "萌芽到採收期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "焚風吹襲會對茶芽葉緣、葉尖及節間造成乾枯燒焦狀，茶芽生長也較緩慢，影響製茶品質。", "PREVENTION": "注意西南氣流及颱風可能誘發焚風之動向，茶園應設有蓄水池及噴霧設施。若茶芽已適合採摘，應即時採摘。製茶工廠應設有熱風萎凋及空調設施，以克服不利之製茶環境。焚風侵襲時宜噴水提高茶園濕氣，以降溫減輕茶芽受害，並利用熱風萎凋及溫控進行發酵等製茶程序。", "RECOVERY": "遭受焚風害視枝條有無留養及受害程度，以決定是否修剪，並加強茶園包括灌溉及病蟲害防治等之管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "茶", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "萌芽到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風造成樹體動搖根系受損，可能影響下季產量；雨水導致土壤氮素及其它養分流失。", "PREVENTION": "颱風來臨前應避免施肥，尤其沒有覆蓋的有機質肥料。在颱風季節茶園應避免淨耕，適度保留園內雜草有利水土保持。", "RECOVERY": "需適時補充肥料讓茶樹恢復生機。受損芽葉則宜適度修剪，以使下季茶萌芽整齊。" }, { "C_NAME": "茼蒿", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "成長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "葉片浸水腐爛、黃化。根部受損，葉部病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。短期葉菜類受損輕微者，儘速採收儲放於通風良好處或冷藏設備中。根部受損輕微或排水良好田區，可施用廣效性農藥如亞托敏等藥劑，預防葉部病害發生。安全資材可用木黴菌、放射線菌、液化澱粉芽孢桿菌等，降低疫病及立枯病發生。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "茼蒿", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "成長期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "30", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "植株發育減緩或停止。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。", "RECOVERY": "定期灌溉降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育到採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "4", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "氣溫<4℃(伴隨降雨)造成落葉、落果、果實軟化、果皮受損顯現下凹小點或燙斑、凍傷。", "PREVENTION": "強化植株生長勢，防寒設施。", "RECOVERY": "移除受損果實及枝葉，減輕植株負擔；加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復；清園，避免落葉落果成為二次感染源。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實，幼樹立枝柱。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加；強風使枝條殘斷、植株倒伏；果皮損傷、果實落果。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、防風設施、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實，幼樹立枝柱。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到著果期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續霪雨加重落蕾及生理落果。", "PREVENTION": "強化樹勢及做好排水系統。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、雨停後加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到著果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續霪雨加重落蕾及生理落果。", "PREVENTION": "強化樹勢及做好排水系統。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、雨停後加強病蟲害管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "桶柑", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到果實發育期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "3-4月水分不足花量減少，落花及落果；5-6月水分不足果實發育不良、逢驟雨易裂果、加重日燒程度", "PREVENTION": "強化樹勢並適時灌溉。", "RECOVERY": "加強夏季修剪剪除過量枝梢。" }, { "C_NAME": "梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實成熟到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "高接梨：當颱風影響，總雨量少但風速快時，需注意環境濕度過低，造成葉片乾枯，雨量多於800mm時，需注意淹水。豪雨導致園區淹水；強風使枝條殘斷及落果，造成傷口蒸散過多而失水枯黃，誘使芽點大量萌發。造成大量傷口，颱風過後容易發生植株失水、落葉，誘使芽點大量萌發。", "PREVENTION": "提早採收熟度高之果實；破風設備、加強園區排水設備，颱風無雨時噴水增加環境濕度。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪殘枝及扶正傾倒植株；進行清園及病蟲害防治工作。" }, { "C_NAME": "梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期", "STAGE": "砧木休眠到接穗開花期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "因寒流侵襲，高接梨：12月到翌年3月底，宜蘭縣、南投縣，連續4小時以上10℃以下；新北市、桃園市、新竹縣、苗栗縣、臺中市、南投縣、彰化縣、嘉義縣，連續48小時以上9℃以下；梨：3月下旬至5月上旬，台中市、南投縣氣溫低於-1℃以下，夜晚晴空時因輻射冷卻作用強烈，形成霜害，造成花芽凍死、花瓣變色萎凋、果實表皮產生小黑點、果柄變色低垂及葉片變色。", "PREVENTION": "噴水除霜及套袋。", "RECOVERY": "去除受損花朵及果實，受損嚴重時須重新嫁接。" }, { "C_NAME": "梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "砧木休眠到結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "高接梨：開花期間連續7天以上降雨、且園區內積水不退，會導致花朵無法正常授粉，亦使得土壤水分含量過高，導致果實裂果、葉片黃化及落葉。", "PREVENTION": "使用隔雨工具及排水設備。", "RECOVERY": "梨穗受損嚴重時須重新嫁接，排除園區積水，並加強肥培及葉面施肥補充。" }, { "C_NAME": "甜椒", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "田間浸水，根部受損。田間高濕，各類病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。傾斜植株勿強迫扶正。" }, { "C_NAME": "棗", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "低溫寒害會造成果皮表面細條狀開裂、果實凍傷、果實皺縮、果皮呈紫紅色斑塊、裂果、葉緣皺縮及乾枯及落葉等現象。", "PREVENTION": "種植早生品種避免寒害、幼果期噴施鈣肥增加抵抗能力、果實可套袋防寒。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "棗", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "果實發育至採收期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "冬季連續降雨日數3天以上霪雨，會造成7-8分熟果實外觀有褐色或黑色斑點，並可能嚴重落果，影響收成。", "PREVENTION": "種植早生品種避免霪雨害、幼果期噴施鈣肥增加抵抗能力、建立遮雨設備防雨。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "棗", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "萌芽生長至開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使果實擦壓傷、套袋破損、落葉、落花、落果、折枝、植株倒伏。", "PREVENTION": "建議果園設置防風林或防風網，將枝條固定，以防止倒伏、裂枝。", "RECOVERY": "剪除受損枝、清園；全園加強噴施殺菌劑，減少病害之發生。建議不扶正怕再度斷根二次傷害、加立支柱固定，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "棗", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "35", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "高溫易導致花粉活力下降、降低昆蟲授粉率、開花而不結果；開花期異常高溫易使授粉著果不良、或產生珠仔果。", "PREVENTION": "強健植株樹勢施用開花磷鉀肥、增加通風、選擇花多、花大、蜜多、味香、著果穩定的品種吸引授粉昆蟲、搭配較多的授粉樹、飼養授粉昆蟲(蜜蜂、麗蠅) 。", "RECOVERY": "掀網增加通風降溫、加強噴水與田間灌溉、裝設灌溉系統降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "番石榴", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致授粉不良，果實病害增加。果園長期積水，根系受損，植株生育不良。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水設施、調節產期。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、清除病果，加強病害防治與肥培，促進新根、枝梢生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "番石榴", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "12", "THRESHOLD": "7", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "氣溫<15℃，花粉發芽率下降；日夜溫7/3℃，新梢生長停滯、葉片紫紅、果實表皮受損出現紅點。", "PREVENTION": "注意田間線蟲防治；秋季修剪後增施鈣、鎂肥，補充微量元素；秋冬著果期增施鉀肥。低溫前灌溉，提高土壤濕度以維持土溫。", "RECOVERY": "減少留果數，減輕樹體負擔；輕度修剪，加強肥培，促進樹勢恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "番石榴", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風造成枝葉斷損、倒株、果實擦傷、落果；豪雨導致果園積水，根系受損，病害增加；焚風造成授粉不良、葉片焦枯。", "PREVENTION": "注意線蟲防治、加強排水、防風設施、減施氮肥、噴水、調整產期，春季套袋減少留果量。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、倒伏輕微植株適度扶正固定，並修剪枝葉減少蒸散；修剪斷枝，清除病果，加強病害防治；加強肥培，促進樹體恢復。" }, { "C_NAME": "番石榴", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "300", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續降雨導致授粉不良，果實病害增加。果園長期積水，根系受損，植株生育不良。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水設施、調節產期。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、清除病果，加強病害防治與肥培，促進新根、枝梢生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(大目種)", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "冬期果採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "葉片受損，果實裂果。", "PREVENTION": "加套塑膠袋或架設防風網。", "RECOVERY": "剪除裂果並移出果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(大目種)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致落花、裂果、落果、無法人工授粉，錯過花期，影響冬期果產量、植株浸水、易罹患疫病及果腐病。", "PREVENTION": "提早採收成熟果實、排水溝保持暢通。", "RECOVERY": "葉面施肥、天氣晴朗時增加人工授粉次數、正值開花期可將結果枝回剪短截，或在9月上旬前再次修剪枝條、施行病害防治作業。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(大目種)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "春季焚風之高溫、低濕，造成樹體萎凋、授粉失敗及落花等。夏、秋季焚風常為颱風引起，伴隨強風造成枝條殘斷、扭轉；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏、果實擦傷、落果及裂果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱固定、儘速採收、套舒果網、噴(灑)水。", "RECOVERY": "進行土表灌溉、澆水再進行強剪作業(修剪量為全株1/2～2/3)、將折斷枝條剪除，再以保護劑塗佈傷口。修剪之斷枝、落葉及落果等搬離果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(大目種)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條殘斷、扭轉、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏、果實擦傷、落果及裂果、植株浸水、連續降雨後易罹患疫病及炭疽病。", "PREVENTION": "幼年株(1-4年生)應立支柱固定、成熟果實應儘速採收，以減少災損。中果期之果實可先套舒果網，以減少果實擦傷、果園週邊排水溝保持暢通。", "RECOVERY": "葉面施肥、天氣晴朗時增加人工授粉次數、正值開花期可將結果枝回剪短截，倒伏傾斜之植株不要扶正，進行根部培土、澆水再進行強剪作業(修剪量為全株1/2～2/3)、將折斷枝條剪除，再以保護劑塗佈傷口。修剪之斷枝、落葉及落果等搬離果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(鳳梨釋迦)", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "冬期果採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "葉片受損，果實裂果。", "PREVENTION": "加套塑膠袋或架設防風網。", "RECOVERY": "剪除裂果並移出果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(鳳梨釋迦)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致落花、裂果、落果、無法人工授粉，錯過花期，影響冬期果產量、植株浸水、易罹患疫病及果腐病。", "PREVENTION": "提早採收成熟果實、排水溝保持暢通。", "RECOVERY": "葉面施肥、天氣晴朗時增加人工授粉次數、正值開花期可將結果枝回剪短截，或在9月上旬前再次修剪枝條、施行病害防治作業。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(鳳梨釋迦)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "春季焚風之高溫、低濕，造成樹體萎凋、授粉失敗及落花等。夏、秋季焚風常為颱風引起，伴隨強風造成枝條殘斷、扭轉；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏、果實擦傷、落果及裂果。", "PREVENTION": "立支柱固定、儘速採收、套舒果網、噴(灑)水。", "RECOVERY": "進行土表灌溉、澆水再進行強剪作業(修剪量為全株1/2～2/3)、將折斷枝條剪除，再以保護劑塗佈傷口。修剪之斷枝、落葉及落果等搬離果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "番荔枝(鳳梨釋迦)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花期到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條殘斷、扭轉、枯萎；葉片破損、落葉、植株倒伏、果實擦傷、落果及裂果、植株浸水、連續降雨後易罹患疫病及炭疽病。", "PREVENTION": "幼年株(1-4年生)應立支柱固定、成熟果實應儘速採收，以減少災損。中果期之果實可先套舒果網，以減少果實擦傷、果園週邊排水溝保持暢通。", "RECOVERY": "葉面施肥、天氣晴朗時增加人工授粉次數、正值開花期可將結果枝回剪短截，倒伏傾斜之植株不要扶正，進行根部培土、澆水再進行強剪作業(修剪量為全株1/2～2/3)、將折斷枝條剪除，再以保護劑塗佈傷口。修剪之斷枝、落葉及落果等搬離果園。" }, { "C_NAME": "硬質玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "出苗不齊，根系腐爛，葉片黃化捲縮，萎凋，植株矮化，每穗粒數減少及果穗生長速率下降。田區積水，根系受損，病蟲害增加。", "PREVENTION": "延遲種植，加強田間排水。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "硬質玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "焚風造成授粉不良、葉片焦枯，引起玉米發生生育障礙及減產。", "PREVENTION": "設置防風設施、適當肥培管理強健植株。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "硬質玉米", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "幼苗生長期以後", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "造成枝葉斷損、倒伏。", "PREVENTION": "加強田間排水、設置防風設施、適當肥培管理強健植株。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "硬質玉米", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "吐絲及授粉期到成熟期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "種子萌發率下降，根長下降，幼苗枯萎，植株生長延遲，葉片黃化，萎凋，雄穗分枝數減少，花粉粒減少，花粉活性降低。", "PREVENTION": "延遲種植，在畦溝灌注淺水保溫，並設置防風設施，以達保溫防寒效果，成熟期之玉米應儘速採收。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "結球白菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "葉片浸水腐爛、黃化。根部受損，葉部病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。短期葉菜類受損輕微者，儘速採收儲放於通風良好處或冷藏設備中。根部受損輕微或排水良好田區，可施用廣效性農藥如亞托敏等藥劑，預防葉部病害發生。安全資材可用木黴菌、放射線菌、液化澱粉芽孢桿菌等，降低疫病及立枯病發生。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "結球白菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期以後", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "30", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "28℃以上植株可能發育減緩或停止，結球不良。結球白菜不耐熱品種幼苗期32℃高溫10天，葉片呈皺縮及反捲，發生熱害的症狀。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。", "RECOVERY": "延後種植、定期灌溉降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "絲瓜", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "植株浸水後萎凋、黃化。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株及果實儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "菠菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "倒伏、葉片破損、水傷。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "豪雨過後造成蔬菜作物不同程度的傷害，倘受災嚴重，應即進行清園、中耕培土、扶正植株，並酌予施肥，以促進植株發育。災後容易發生病害，應即時參照植物保護手冊選擇推薦農藥防治。由於生長快速，只要田間積水能夠排除，就能播種復耕，在一個月內即可恢復供應。因此以儘速復耕為要，但不宜搶種反而造成生產過剩。" }, { "C_NAME": "萊姆", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "萊姆", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加；強風使枝條殘斷、植株倒伏；果皮損傷、果實落果。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、防風設施、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實，幼樹立枝柱。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "菜豆(豇豆)", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花結莢期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "畦面沖刷，根部裸露。田間高濕，各類病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土。根部受損輕微者，可施用廣效性藥劑如亞托敏等，預防葉部病害。死亡殘體儘速清除，避免擴大感染。" }, { "C_NAME": "楊桃", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "5周內遭遇兩次乾旱逆境。生長遲滯、延遲開花期。", "PREVENTION": "人工加強灌溉。", "RECOVERY": "需加強田間灌水、植株檢整、蔬果減輕樹體負荷、肥培管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "楊桃", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根部腐爛、落葉、枯死。", "PREVENTION": "防止枝條過度之營養生長，避免植株樹冠擴大。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、和緩漸次地扶正植株；修剪受損枝條，減少養分浪費；加強肥培，促進恢復生長；清園、病害防治、切口塗抹癒合劑。" }, { "C_NAME": "楊桃", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "氣溫<15℃(開花著果受抑制) 10℃+80km/hr風速(落葉、頂芽枯死、果皮產生風疤)。開花著果受抑制、落葉、頂芽枯死、果實表皮產生褐化斑。", "PREVENTION": "種植防風林，以防風和防寒。", "RECOVERY": "摘除受損果，減輕植株負擔；加強肥培，協助樹勢恢復；清園，避免落葉落果成為二次感染源。" }, { "C_NAME": "楊桃", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "開花期到採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根部腐爛、落葉、枯死。強風使新梢枝葉折損、落葉、落果。", "PREVENTION": "防止枝條過度之營養生長，避免植株樹冠擴大。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、和緩漸次地扶正植株；修剪受損枝條，減少養分浪費；加強肥培，促進恢復生長；清園、病害防治、切口塗抹癒合劑。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "子實充實到成熟期", "WEATHER": "梅雨", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "根系受損傷，植株易倒伏、缺株，易有銹病、白絹病及莢腐病等病害發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水溝清理，保持排水暢通。", "RECOVERY": "災後復原： (1)萌芽及幼苗期：迅速排除田間積水，隨時維持排水設施的通暢並應適度補植。 (2)開花期至子房柄伸長期：以高磷肥之葉面施肥，促進花苞恢復發育，並酌以補施肥料促進根系生長加速恢復植株生長勢。 (3)子實充實期至成熟期：多著重於留意植株生長勢變 化及白絹病、莢腐病等病害監控，應儘量隨時保持表土乾燥。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "子實充實期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "480", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤相對水分含量低於20%以下。地上部生長受抑制，根冠比提高，根系生物量及葉面積指數降低，莢果數量及乾重減少及病蟲害發生率增加。", "PREVENTION": "給予田間適度的水分管理，並定期儲水以備不時之需。", "RECOVERY": "割除生長不良之植株並酌施肥料，減少產量損失，如遇病蟲害則以化學藥劑防治為主。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "苗期到子房柄伸長期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "36", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "種子發芽率降低，葉片焦枯、黃化，延遲開花並花粉量減少，果莢形成減少使得產量降低。", "PREVENTION": "注意栽培區溫度變化，給予田間適當的水分管理及遮陰網之架設以降溫，若尚未種植建議可延遲種植。", "RECOVERY": "遇高溫傷害後加強補植，並酌施氮肥增強植株生長勢。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "苗期到子房柄伸長期", "WEATHER": "焚風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）,濕度（%）", "EFFECT": "焚風易造成葉片焦枯、黃化使作物枯萎。", "PREVENTION": "完善防風設施，加強培土以防倒伏發生，並採收已屆成熟的落花生。", "RECOVERY": "適度培土與酌施追肥，可促進恢復生長，加強病蟲害之防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "苗期到子房柄伸長期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風造成幼苗倒伏，葉片破損、焦枯且黃化。", "PREVENTION": "完善排水設施及防風設施，加強培土以防倒伏發生，並採收已屆成熟的落花生。", "RECOVERY": "若田區積水應儘早排除，適度培土與酌施追肥，可促進恢復生長，加強病蟲害之防治。" }, { "C_NAME": "落花生", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "萌芽及幼苗期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "種子發芽率降低，植株生長遲緩，葉片黃化，果莢形成減少。", "PREVENTION": "架設防風網等禦寒措施，若尚未種植建議可延遲種植。", "RECOVERY": "遇寒害後加強補植，並酌施氮肥增強植株生長勢。" }, { "C_NAME": "萵苣", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "營養生長期、採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "葉片浸水腐爛、黃化。根部受損，葉部病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。短期葉菜類受損輕微者，儘速採收儲放於通風良好處或冷藏設備中。根部受損輕微或排水良好田區，可施用廣效性農藥如亞托敏等藥劑，預防葉部病害發生。安全資材可用木黴菌、放射線菌、液化澱粉芽孢桿菌等，降低疫病及立枯病發生。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "萵苣", "GROWTH": "營養生長期", "STAGE": "營養生長期、採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "30", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "植株發育減緩或停止。結球萵苣28℃以上可能結球不良。不耐熱品種幼苗期32℃高溫10天，葉片呈皺縮及反捲，發生熱害的症狀。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。", "RECOVERY": "定期灌溉降溫。" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "中生種及晚生種開花期、早生種結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "中生種及晚生種開花期高溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量；早生種結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "中生種採收期、晚生種結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "淹水容易發生根腐病，導致果樹傾倒、根部如果受損，一週後葉片萎凋、黃化；果實表皮乾皺、裂果、落果。", "PREVENTION": "慎選種植地點，種植前需打破犁底層、高畦種植。適時採收；淹水容易使植株根系受損，保持田間排水順暢。", "RECOVERY": "果樹傾倒，如果仍持續健康成長，建議不要把樹扶正，以免損傷另一邊根部，加速死亡。倘發生落葉、枯黃等現象，建議立即修剪枝葉9成以上，減少果樹養分流失，倘根部已損傷，平均只能救回1至2成。" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、開花期、結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "各時期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "淹水容易發生根腐病，強風導致果樹傾倒、根部如果受損，一週後葉片萎凋、黃化；果實表皮乾皺、裂果、落果。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、設置防風牆/林。", "RECOVERY": "果樹傾倒，如果仍持續健康成長，建議不要把樹扶正，以免損傷另一邊根部，加速死亡。倘發生落葉、枯黃等現象，建議立即修剪枝葉9成以上，減少果樹養分流失，倘根部已損傷，平均只能救回1至2成。" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種及中生種採收期、晚生種結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種及中生種開花期、晚生種採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "早生種及中生種開花期高溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量；晚生種結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種及中生種開花期、晚生種採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種及中生種開花期、晚生種採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "開花期高溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種及中生種開花期、晚生種採收期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "13", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "夜間低溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量。", "PREVENTION": "加強植株樹勢、保持土壤濕度、選擇耐寒品種。", "RECOVERY": "適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發。" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種採收期、中生種及晚生種結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期、採收期", "STAGE": "早生種開花期、晚生種採收期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "結果期", "STAGE": "結果期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "結果期高溫導致熱傷害，造成落葉、果實提早成熟，降低品質。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "高溫", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "33", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "開花期高溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量。", "PREVENTION": "不宜開心型整枝，透過樹冠保護樹體。使用遮陽網、選擇耐熱品種、加強水份管理。", "RECOVERY": "確保水份供應，裝設灑水系統降溫、適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發" }, { "C_NAME": "酪梨", "GROWTH": "開花期", "STAGE": "開花期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "13", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "夜間低溫導致授粉不良，造成落果，降低產量。", "PREVENTION": "加強植株樹勢、保持土壤濕度、選擇耐寒品種。", "RECOVERY": "適當修剪受損枝葉，促進新葉萌發。" }, { "C_NAME": "辣椒", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "田間浸水，根部受損。田間高濕，各類病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "盡速田間排水，減輕根系傷害。", "RECOVERY": "受害殘株儘速清除，避免擴大感染。施用殺菌藥劑保護植株地上部及根部，減少根部浸水腐爛所造成的傷口受到感染。豪雨沖刷造成表土流失、根部裸露者應行覆土，以保護根部。不可立即施肥。傾斜植株勿強迫扶正。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、結果期", "STAGE": "生長/結果期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "1440", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "高溫期2個月以上無雨，使營養生長期乾旱太長易使葉片黃化、植株生長不良、幼果至果實肥大期易有小果及裂果發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強灌溉。", "RECOVERY": "均勻灌溉，避免一次給水過度，避免裂果。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、結果期", "STAGE": "生長/結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "短期間低溫並不足危害，但如遇到降霜，則發生嚴重的凍害，果實畸形或釘子目，生長點死亡，整株腐爛枯死。", "PREVENTION": "果園覆蓋及噴施鉀肥。", "RECOVERY": "降霜後噴水沖洗植株和覆蓋不織布等搬離植株，並迅速施肥及灌溉，以促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "結果期到採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "350", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "大雨導致果園淹水，植株根系、葉片及果實因病害增加造成腐損。颱風夾帶豪雨易造成坡地鳳梨園流失，近河床果園流失或遭土石掩埋。", "PREVENTION": "加強果園排水及注意水土保持。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、加強病害防治、葉面施肥補充，促進新根、新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "結果期、採收期", "STAGE": "結果期到採收期", "WEATHER": "乾旱", "DURATION": "1440", "THRESHOLD": "0.5", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "高溫期2個月以上無雨，使營養生長期乾旱太長易使葉片黃化、植株生長不良、幼果至果實肥大期易有小果及裂果發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強灌溉。", "RECOVERY": "均勻灌溉，避免一次給水過度，避免裂果。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "營養生長/採收期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "350", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "大雨導致果園淹水，植株根系、葉片及果實因病害增加造成腐損。颱風夾帶豪雨易造成坡地鳳梨園流失，近河床果園流失或遭土石掩埋。", "PREVENTION": "加強果園排水及注意水土保持。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、加強病害防治、葉面施肥補充，促進新根、新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "鳳梨", "GROWTH": "採收期、營養生長期", "STAGE": "營養生長/採收期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "日雨量350mm以上，大雨導致果園淹水，植株根系、葉片及果實因病害增加造成腐損。颱風夾帶豪雨易造成坡地鳳梨園流失，近河床果園流失或遭土石掩埋。", "PREVENTION": "加強果園排水及注意水土保持。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、加強病害防治、葉面施肥補充，促進新根、新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "蓮霧", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "1", "THRESHOLD": "50", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，葉片或果實泡爛；根系受損後葉片黃化及落葉；病害增加、豆粒期花蕾生理性斑點。", "PREVENTION": "高畦栽培、保持排水通暢，汛期避免施用重肥、搭建果園周邊防水堤與抽水機，低窪地區可採草生栽培增加土壤通氣性。花蕾期加強鈣肥補充與炭疽病防治。", "RECOVERY": "利用抽水機加速排除積水，浸水後採葉面施肥並加強病害防治，促進新根、新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "蓮霧", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "3", "THRESHOLD": "10", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "花果生育期，氣溫低於10℃持續5小時以上，開始產生寒害；低於10℃2天，葉片寒害呈水浸狀、葉色轉紅、黃化、落葉。催花兩周後鏢形期對低溫較為敏感，豆粒期後對低溫耐受性較高；胚仔期遇低溫則易發生裂果及近果蒂端果皮褐化徵狀；果實發育期以紅頭期對低溫較敏感，易發生落果及果皮凹點之寒害徵狀。", "PREVENTION": "全園浸水、樹頭噴霧、設置防風網、葉面營養補充。", "RECOVERY": "儘速採收仍具商品價值之果品，避免回溫後持續劣化，視落葉情形減少著果量，為避免落葉後大量抽梢影響果實品質，可噴施高磷鉀控梢。" }, { "C_NAME": "蓮霧", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "強風使枝條折斷、葉片破損、植株傾倒；落花、落果，花蕾或果實擦傷；遮光網掀開或破損。", "PREVENTION": "果園空曠面搭設防風網，幼株主幹以支架固定，適當修剪控制株高，並疏剪減少風阻；颱風來襲前卸下遮光網。", "RECOVERY": "儘速修剪斷枝，扶正植株並修剪枝葉減少蒸散量；加強病害防治；重新覆蓋遮光網，若枝葉受損嚴重，則重新修剪培養整齊新梢後再進行催花。" }, { "C_NAME": "蓮霧", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "450", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "連續降雨導致果園淹水，葉片或果實泡爛；根系受損後葉片黃化及落葉；病害增加、豆粒期花蕾生理性斑點。", "PREVENTION": "高畦栽培、保持排水通暢，汛期避免施用重肥、搭建果園周邊防水堤與抽水機，低窪地區可採草生栽培增加土壤通氣性。花蕾期加強鈣肥補充與炭疽病防治。", "RECOVERY": "利用抽水機加速排除積水，浸水後採葉面施肥並加強病害防治，促進新根、新梢恢復成長。" }, { "C_NAME": "蔥", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "營養生長期以後", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致水傷、蔥管破損、植株倒伏。蔥管如果折斷，雨後防治不及，容易腐爛病蟲害。", "PREVENTION": "適時採收；淹水容易使植株根系受損，保持田間排水順暢。", "RECOVERY": "加強排水及病蟲害防治管理。" }, { "C_NAME": "龍眼", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "120", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "開花期如降雨過多，容易授粉不良，導致著果率下降，產量減少。", "PREVENTION": "噴施殺菌劑。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "蕹菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "80", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "葉片浸水腐爛、黃化。根部受損，葉部病害易發生。", "PREVENTION": "加強排水、適時採收。", "RECOVERY": "加速田間排水。短期葉菜類受損輕微者，儘速採收儲放於通風良好處或冷藏設備中。根部受損輕微或排水良好田區，可施用廣效性農藥如亞托敏等藥劑，預防葉部病害發生。安全資材可用木黴菌、放射線菌、液化澱粉芽孢桿菌等，降低疫病及立枯病發生。不可立即施肥。" }, { "C_NAME": "蕹菜", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期", "WEATHER": "寒害", "DURATION": "8", "THRESHOLD": "15", "MEASURES": "溫度（℃）", "EFFECT": "蔓葉生長適溫為25℃至30℃，但溫度較高生長更旺盛，採收間隔時間愈短。15℃以下植株生長緩慢，組織容易老化，失去商品價值，若溫度繼續降至10℃以下，則停止生長，遇霜莖葉即枯死。", "PREVENTION": "播種期修正。選用適當品種。設置防風網。低溫前灌溉，保持土溫。", "RECOVERY": "" }, { "C_NAME": "檸檬", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "降水", "DURATION": "24", "THRESHOLD": "200", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "檸檬", "GROWTH": "開花期、結果期", "STAGE": "開花到結果期", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "豪雨導致果園淹水，根系受逆境，病害增加；強風使枝條殘斷、植株倒伏；果皮損傷、果實落果。", "PREVENTION": "做好排水系統、防風設施、氮肥勿過重，促進枝條充實，幼樹立枝柱。", "RECOVERY": "排除積水、修剪受損枝條，切口塗抹癒合劑。清園、病、蟲害管理，加強肥培，促進恢復生長。" }, { "C_NAME": "蘿蔔", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期以後", "WEATHER": "颱風", "DURATION": "", "THRESHOLD": "", "MEASURES": "", "EFFECT": "土壤奏驟乾驟濕易引起裂根現象、根部接近成熟期泡水地下部易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "注意土壤濕度，畦面不宜過寬、深溝並加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "注意降雨誘發病蟲害(如軟腐病、疫病、炭疽病、斜紋夜蛾等)，宜參考推薦防治藥劑適時、適量噴施，並需確切遵守安全採收期，保障消費者健康。" }, { "C_NAME": "蘿蔔", "GROWTH": "營養生長期、採收期", "STAGE": "成長期以後", "WEATHER": "霪雨", "DURATION": "72", "THRESHOLD": "20", "MEASURES": "毫米（mm）", "EFFECT": "土壤奏驟乾驟濕易引起裂根現象、根部接近成熟期泡水地下部易腐敗。", "PREVENTION": "注意土壤濕度，畦面不宜過寬、深溝並加強排水。", "RECOVERY": "及時排水或抽水。加強病蟲害管理。" } ] }